Oudshoorn



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

mem-,ed Aug. 16,1897..

(NoIModel.)

N. mm/BR Smm a; A. SCHNELLBR. APPARATUS FOR GAUSNG GHEMlCAL CHANGES IN GASES.

(.Nc Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. N. VANDER SLEEN 8s A. SGHNELLER. APPARATUS FOR GAUSING CHEMICAL CHANGES N GASES.

'Emma Aug. 10,1897.

We mais 1,5

Y M/W., '112 To all whom tmcty concerns UNrrnn Srnrns NCOLAAS YAN DER SLEEN AND OUDSHOORN, NETHERLANDS, OF AMSTERDAlli, NETHERLANDS.

AUGUST SOHNELDER, OF ALFEN- ASSIGNOS TO HENRY 'IINDL,

srnorrrcn'rron foaming par@ er Letters Patent No. 587,770,

dated Auges; io, 1897.

Application died January 18, 1895. Serial No. 535,404. (No model.) Patented in Germany November 30, 189.4, No. 88,298 in England December 1, 1894,1lo. 23,297; in Belgium December 29,1894,1-l0. 113,388; in Italy December 29,1894,No. 421;

in Switzerland Decemberf29, 1894, No. 9,745 in Luxembu No. 6,629; in Norway December 29,1894,1lo.11,183; in France December 29,

No. 16,792, and in Austria September 30, 1896,1lo. L/3,

Be it known that we,N1CoLAns VAN han SLEEN, chemist, andAUGUsT SCHNELLER, en- ,gineelg subjects of the Queen of the Nethcrlands, and residents of Alfen-0udshoorn, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, have invented an Improved Apparatus for Causing Chemical Changes of Gase-shy Dark Electric Discharges, (for which patents have been ob'- tained in the following countries: Germany,

No1 83,298, dated November 30, 1894; Beh' gium, No. 113,

388, dated December 29, 1894; Ita-l', No. 421

, Bd. 24, dated December 29,

189l Switzerland, No. 9,745, dated December 29, 1894i; Luxemburg, No. 2,209, dated September 30, 1895,

- general approval tity of energy consumed.

December 29, 1894;. Sweden, No. 6,629, dated December 29,1894; Norway, No. 4,183, dated Dece1nber29, 1894; France, No. 243,980, dated December 29, 1894; Spain, No. 16,792, dated March 30', 1895; Austria, No 3,518/45, datedv and Great- Britain, No. 23,297, dated December 1, 1894,) of which the following is anexact specification.

The apparatiis known up to now for causing chemical changes of gases and mixtures of gases-as, for instance, for ozonizing air or oxygen-have in the practical use met with in that a continuous working was made possible by them, and the quan- 3o, tity of Y the .ozone or other gas produced by them was, in fact, corresponding to the quan- Thereforsthe production of ozone or other gases by means of ,darkclectric.discharges could bc carried out on a commercial scale and with a favorable commercial result. 'What, however', has not been attained up to now is bringing witlrtho ,expense of l a given quantity quantity of gas produced in correspondence o the degree of concentration demanded-l that is to say, it has not been possible tol produce with the expense of a given quantity'of energy an equally great quantity of ozone or other gas if a greater degree ot' concentration was demanded for the same. One has tried to obtain a greater degree of concentration of energy the rg December 29, 1894, No. 2,209; in Sweden December 29,1894, 1894, llo. 248,980; in Spain March 30,1895,

by letting the gas treated already by one apparatus pass through one or more other apparatuses, but the quantity of ozone or other gas produced by the second, third, dsc., ap.- paratus is far from being the same as that produced by the first apparatus, provided the quantity of energy consumed by the subsequent apparatuses is equal to that of the first.

According to the present invent-ion -any'detwo or more apparatuses inserting a cooling electric gas-generating apparatuses.-

- The re'- ot gas treated or producedby the first apparatus and having reached a certain degree of'concentration 1s cooled beforeit is allowed to enterA the second apparatus. After the the gas gained by cooling the dielectricafbut that is not the purpose of cooling the latter. In every process of chemically changing4 a gasor gases by dark electric discharges Itho energy of the latter is transformed not wholly ,into latent heat bound to the ozone or otlher gas, but part of said heat becomes sensible and is communicated to the polos aswell as to the air, oxygen, or other gas treated.

In coolingthc polos there is, heat imparted. to the poles pnly. According to the present invention, llowcver, the heat 'imparted to the ail-,voxygeinor other gas is to be destroyed, too, before another treatment within another apparatus can take place'. Coolingl the nrilesin apparatus without a, di-

it is true, also an extremely slight coolinur of y sired concentration of the ozone or other gas. produced by the successive application` of may be obtained by device bet'weeneach of the '-60 fore the oxygen, air, or other gas or -mixture concentration of the gas has been increased 1 destroyed the l ance. approximately constant.

d ielectric intermediate layerbetween one pole of the apparatus and the high-tension trans-v former a column of liquid asa speciiic resistl ance for the purpose of preveggtingfthe for-maf' tion of a voliaic are or of sparks thereby. It r is known that thedark discharges may be secured by inserting a resistance of suitable height Without allowing sparks or a voltaic arc to comeinto existence. There was, however, the diiiculty ofdreeping the said resist- We have succeeded in Working with a tension of sixty thousand volts at a distance of fifty millimeters-between the poles. 'The resistance ought in this case to be chosen equal to twenty megohms. lVith this arrangement thereis obtained between the poles an extremely intense field of discharge, there being no sparks or voltaic arcs whateyer. Making such resistances fromwire is practically as well as commercially nearly an impossibility. Making the said resistances from anyother solid material'is hindered from -the fact that the very few apparently suitable materials existin'g are absolutely unreliable withfregard to their constancy. Vrie therefore man ufaetu re resistances of the required kind by the use of distilled water, glycerin, or alcoholicA solutions, these being liquors of good constancy. Resistances of this kind have proved well from a practical as well as from a commercial :point of View. contained in glass tubes connected at one ond The liquors in question are with the transformer and at the other end with one pole of the discharging parts.

In order to make our invention more clear, we rel'or to the accompanying drawings, in which similarl letters denote similar parts throughout the several views, and in which- Figure l perspective view of the Whole apparatus. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the right-hand portion of the lower part of the apparatus, the section bein g taken on line S 9 of Figs. 3 and i. Fig. 3 is a vcrtical longitudinal section through thc lefthand portion of the lower part of the apparatus. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section laken on line (5 7 of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a \f'crtical. cross-section through the whole apparatus.

The apparatus is constructedas follows:

'A lonrish casing a haviufr at one end an iulet-pipe D for the gas or gases to be treated and at the other end an outlet-pipe l/for the gas o r gases treated, is by means of partitionwalls d divided into anumber of chambers c c' c2 ci, Figs. 2 and 3. Said partitiomwalls are perforated, and thc second and third, the fourth and fifth, and thc sixth and seventh are' connected by parallel tubes d, serving as passages for the gas on 'ts way from one dis- ,iiowing throughbetween the sai charging-chamber to the next following one. Each of the chambers containing said tubes d is in communication with a pipe c, leading water into said chambers,and with a pipe c',

lead-ing that water again off. The said pipes d aretherefore constantly cooled while thegs is passing through them.

The discharging-plates f contained within the chambers des c5 c7 are hung in vertical position to frames g, xed to the lower ends et Vrods h, heid by the lid or cover of casing o.

(Compare Figs. 2,3, and 5.)- Each ,of said discharging-plates is connected to the metallic foot or base t of a glass tube k, Figs. l and. 5, containing the liquor forming the specific 'resistance aforementioned. f

Wires l, connected to wire m, Fig. l, are` hanging down into the .liquor contained within the tubes 7c. Said -wi're 'qu is connected to one end of the secondary coil of the transformer n. The other end of said coil is connected by means of the wire o to each of the partition-walls it', whereby the circuit is completed. The dark or silent discharges' will thus take place between the dischargingplates f of each chamber and the partitionwalls forming the same, and the gas/or gases d plates f from one partition-wall to the other will thus be caused' to undergo the action of the elet-` tric discharges, so as to be cheinicallychanged in the desired Way.

The gas to .be treated enters the apparatus through pipe Z1 and flows first into the fore chamber c, from which il;- is distributed by the first partition-wall a', Fig. 2.' After being electrically treated within the first discharging-chamber c the gas, now more or less hot, is led through the first cooling-chamber c2 or' through the pipes'd of the same, and after having been cooled down to its former temperature (or, perhaps, even to a still lower one) the gas enters-the. second dischargingchamber c3. Owing to the low vtemperature the ozoization of the gas will now be repeated with exactly the same effect-z'. e., the degree of concentration will be doubled. When the l gas has passed all the dischargingchambers, (four in the present case,-) the de-v IIO grec of concentration will lbe the fourfold of what it was in the' first chamber.

XVe wish it to be understood that the number of thc discharging as Well as ot' the coo1- ing chambers employed may be chosen Yas dcsircd or according to the degree of concentration demanded, and that, further, the cooling devices used may be of any desired construction. It'v there are used the cooling devices shown in the drawings, the number andl length of the pipes maybe as desired'.

Having thus fully described .the nature of our in vcntion what we desire to secure by Letters Patent of the. United States is l. As a means for. causing chemical changes of gases,` or mixtures of gases, by dark or ysilent electrical discharges, the combination with two or more electrical dischargingappal5 vices arranged seas' toV alternate with said zo A 3, Asalneans for causing chemical changes of gases or mixtures of gases by dark or silent seas-'rc "t e :fetuses containing each a number f .sepa' polarity having no such rcsistances connectratcd: electrodes of the same polarity eoned to thennlfor the purpose as described. n'ected each 'to a separate specific resistance',k 5, Asa means for causing chemical changes y and electrodes ef thefother polarity, of coolof ,gases ormixturesof gases by dark or silent*- .5` ing devices arranged so 'as to al ternato with electric discharges, the combination with two` 5o said electricaly discharging apparatuses, for or more 'electrical discharging' apparatuses,"'` the purpose as described. containing each ay numberof 'separated elec. '2.' Asa means for causing chemical changes trodes of the same polarity connected each to a l of gases Vor mixtures of gases by dark or silent separate specific resistance formed by liquor, :ce electricdisclarges, the combination with two of cooling devices containing each a number 55 -l `or more electrical 'discharging apparatuses of pipes adapted to lead the gas from one of containing each a number of separated elecsaid electricaldischarging apparatusesto the -trodes-of the same polarity connected cach to next following one g the electrode or electrodes a separatespecic resistance, of cooling deH ofthe other polarity of the said apparatuses being arranged opposite to the edges of said 6o 'electrical discharging apparatuses; the elecformer. electrodes, for the purpose as detrode or electrodes of theother polaritybeing scribed. y i l arranged opposite to the edges yo" said former 6. lIn an apparatus for causing chemical electrodes, for the purpose as described. 1 changes or" gases, or mixtures of gases by dark wi th two or more electrical discharging-cham- -electric discharges, the combination of two bers containing each aA number of parallel or more electrical discharging apparatuses separated electrodes of the same polarity concontaining each a number of separated elecnected eaclito a separate specific resistance' or silent electric discharges, the combination 65 c 5 4trades of the same polarity connected each toa 'formed by liquor, of cooli 11g-'chambers ar- 7o g Separate specic resistance formed by liquor, ranged so as to alternate with said electrical "of cooling de vices arranged so as to alternate discharging-chambers, and containing each u. ..with said electrical discharging apparatuses ,a number of pipes adapted tolead the gas jftheel'ectrode orelectrodes ofthe otherpolarit f from one of the said discharging-chambersto 3d beingarranged opposite to the edges. of said the next following` one the electrode'or elec- 75 f nner electrodes, for the purpose as detrodes of the other polarity of the dischargscribed@ ing-chambers forming the partition-walls bc- 4'.l Asa means forcausingehemicalchanges tween said latter `chambers and said cooling. of gases,'ormixtures of gases, by dark or silent chambers, and supporti ngthe pipes passing gguelectrical 'discharges, the combinationwith the latter, substantially and for the purpose 8 0 l 4o pipes adapted toflead thefgas from one of the twc'or more electrical discharging appara-vv as described.

tuses, o cooling devices, arranged so as to In testimony whereof we have signed this .alternatewith'said electricaldischarging apspecification in theprcsence of two subscrib'- paratuses, and containing each a number of ing witnesses.

i f NieoLAAs 'VAN Dna einen.

said apparatus to the next followm' one; the I 1, w a

vfelectredes-of one polarity ofv each obfthe said AUGUTS l SCHNELIER electrical discharging apparatus being each A Witnesses:

connected to a separate specific resistance i ARTHUR ALBERT STKES, 45 formed bylaliquor, the electrodes ofthe other I QAUGUST SIEGF'RIED DOER.- 

